Biological risk based on preoperative serum CA19-9 and histological grade predicts prognosis and improves accuracy of classification in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Biological risk based on preoperative CA19-9 and histological grade could predict the survival of patients with PDAC. The incorporation of biological risk into the TNM staging system has the potential to enhance the accuracy of patient classification in PDAC, predicting patient survival and enabling the development of individualized treatment plans.