Contingency management for tobacco smoking during opioid addiction treatment: Implementation challenges.

This study highlighted not only the difficulty of integrating CM interventions into standard smoking cessation treatment for this population, but also the potential of CM to engage this group with smoking cessation treatment. Future research in this area should consider increasing the availability and flexibility of smoking cessation treatment, and relaxing inclusion criteria to be more reflective of the opioid-treatment-seeking population. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03015597, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03015597).