The Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pentylenetetrazole Preconditioning Against Seizure in Mice.
Hedyeh Faghir-GhanesefatHedieh Keshavarz-BahaghighatNazanin RajaiTahmineh MokhtariErfan BahramnejadSoheil Kazemi RoodsariAhmad Reza DehpourPublished in: Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN (2019)
Preconditioning is defined as an induction of adaptive response in organs against lethal stimulation provoked by subsequent mild sublethal stress. Several chemical agents have been demonstrated to cause brain tolerance through preconditioning. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that preconditioning with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) may have protective effect against seizure induced by i.v. infusion of PTZ. Mice were preconditioned by low-dose administration of PTZ (25 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, and the threshold of seizure elicited by i.v. infusion of PTZ was measured. To investigate the possible role of nitric oxide, NOS inhibitor enzymes, including L-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (AG) (50 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (15 mg/kg), and L-arginine (L-arg) (60 mg/kg), were administered concomitantly with PTZ in both acute and chronic phases. Determination of seizure threshold revealed significant enhancement after preconditioning with low dose of PTZ. While the protective effect of PTZ preconditioning was enhanced after the administration of L-arg, it was reversed following administration of L-NAME and 7NI, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide pathway as an underlying mechanism of PTZ-induced preconditioning. Preconditioning with PTZ led to brain tolerance and adaptive response in animal model of PTZ-induced seizure. This effect is in part due to the involvement of nitric oxide pathway.
Keyphrases
- nitric oxide
- cerebral ischemia
- low dose
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- nitric oxide synthase
- hydrogen peroxide
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- blood brain barrier
- brain injury
- drug induced
- high glucose
- resting state
- high dose
- type diabetes
- oxidative stress
- white matter
- temporal lobe epilepsy
- quantum dots
- intensive care unit
- liver failure
- hepatitis b virus
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- functional connectivity
- adipose tissue
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- high resolution
- mass spectrometry
- stress induced