Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae): A Literature Review of Traditional Uses, Chemical Composition, and Pharmacological Activities.

Eryngiumfoetidum L. is popularly known as chicória-do-Pará , is native to the Amazon region, and is widely distributed in Northern Brazil. It is considered a versatile species due to its diversified uses in ethnomedicine, gastronomy, and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of E . foetidum based on information published in national and international scientific articles between the years 2011 and 2021. Literature searches were performed with the combination of the expressions " Eryngium foetidum L.," "chicória-do-Pará," "traditional uses," "ethnobotany," "volatile compounds," and "essential oil." The species is widely used as a flavoring condiment in beans, meat, duck, and fish, and in the preparation of tucupi (cassava sap), showing to have great importance for the Amazonian food culture. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic, antibacterial, antiflu, and antipyretic applications. The chemical profile is characterized by the presence of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, mainly (2E)-2-dodecenal in leaves and 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde in roots, in addition to fixed compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenols. These compounds have shown diverse biological activities and potential antibacterial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant applications, confirming their potential for use in folk medicine. Therefore, it is inferred that this aromatic plant has vast potential uses and is an important alternative as a natural resource for the food and pharmaceutical industries in view of its antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds.