The Molecular Circadian Clock Is a Target of Anti-cancer Translation Inhibitors.

Circadian-paced biological processes are key to physiology and required for metabolic, immunologic, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Core circadian clock components are transcription factors whose half-life is precisely regulated, thereby controlling the intrinsic cellular circadian clock. Genetic disruption of molecular clock components generally leads to marked pathological events phenotypically affecting behavior and multiple aspects of physiology. Using a transcriptional signature similarity approach, we identified anti-cancer protein synthesis inhibitors as potent modulators of the cardiomyocyte molecular clock. Eukaryotic protein translation inhibitors, ranging from translation initiation (rocaglates, 4-EGI1, etc.) to ribosomal elongation inhibitors (homoharringtonine, puromycin, etc.), were found to potently ablate protein abundance of REV-ERBα, a repressive nuclear receptor and component of the molecular clock. These inhibitory effects were observed both in vitro and in vivo and could be extended to PER2, another component of the molecular clock. Taken together, our observations suggest that the activity spectrum of protein synthesis inhibitors, whose clinical use is contemplated not only in cancers but also in viral infections, must be extended to circadian rhythm disruption, with potential beneficial or iatrogenic effects upon acute or prolonged administration.