Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Experimental Perinatal and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke.
Carina MallardDonna M FerrieroZinaida S VexlerPublished in: Stroke (2024)
Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of arterial ischemic stroke in the adult, neonates, and children share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage but also have distinct molecular signatures and involved cellular pathways due to the maturational stage of the central nervous system and the immune system at the time of the insult. In this review, we discuss similarities and differences identified thus far in rodent models of 2 different diseases-neonatal (perinatal) and childhood arterial ischemic stroke. In particular, we review acquired knowledge of the role of resident and peripheral immune populations in modulating outcomes in models of perinatal and childhood arterial ischemic stroke and the most recent and relevant findings in relation to the immune-neurovascular crosstalk, and how the influence of inflammatory mediators is dependent on specific brain maturation stages. Finally, we discuss the current state of treatments geared toward age-appropriate therapies that signal via the immune-neurovascular interaction and consider sex differences to achieve successful translation.
Keyphrases
- atrial fibrillation
- pregnant women
- childhood cancer
- white matter
- resting state
- young adults
- healthcare
- early life
- signaling pathway
- type diabetes
- cerebral ischemia
- adipose tissue
- electronic health record
- dna methylation
- genome wide
- multiple sclerosis
- functional connectivity
- brain injury
- skeletal muscle
- bone marrow
- emergency medicine
- data analysis