Edge magnetization and thermally induced spin current in nanostructured graphene.

In this work, the magnetic states and thermally induced spin currents in graphene nanoflake sizes with different sizes and shapes have been investigated using Hubbard model combined with non-equilibrium Green's function method. In addition to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state governed by the sizes, shapes, armchair bond densities, and Coulomb energy, our calculations have also pointed out the emergence of ferromagnetic (FM) and complex magnetic states when the gate voltage is invoked in the graphene nanoflakes. More prominently, by exploiting the geometric symmetry of the nanoflakes without external fields, a pure spin current and zero charge current are generated in spin caloritronic device when the graphene nanoflakes are both in the AFM and FM states. The formation of pure spin currents driven by temperature difference depends on the graphene nanoflakes' size, shape, temperature and gate voltage as well. The study also shows the outstanding advantages of diamond-shaped graphene nanoflakes in both magnetic properties and spin currents. This result paves the way for the possibility of practical applications of graphene materials in spintronics and spin caloritronics.