Receipt of Opioid Agonist Treatment in provincial correctional facilities in British Columbia is associated with a reduced hazard of nonfatal overdose in the month following release.

OAT receipt during incarceration is associated with a reduced hazard of nonfatal overdose after release. Policies to expand access to OAT in correctional facilities, including initiating treatment, may help reduce harms related to nonfatal overdose in the weeks following release. Differences in the effect seen among women and men indicate a need for gender-responsive policies and programming.