Global Validation of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification: Geographic Region Affects Reliability and Reproducibility.
Mark J LambrechtsGregory D SchroederBrian A KaramianJose A CansecoRichard J BransfordCumhur OnerLorin M BennekerFrank KandzioraDr Shanmuganathan RajasekaranRishi KannaAndrei Fernandes JoaquimJens R ChapmanEmiliano Neves VialleMohammad Mostafa El-SharkawiMarcel DvorakKlaus SchnakeChristopher K KeplerAlexander R Vaccaronull nullPublished in: Global spine journal (2022)
The AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System can be applied with high accuracy, interobserver reliability, and intraobserver reproducibility. However, lower classification accuracy and reliability were found in regions of Africa and Central/South America, especially for severe atlas injuries (IIB and IIC) and atypical hangman's type fractures (IIIB injuries).