Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in vivo: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor/gut microbiome crosstalk suggests novel therapeutic options for diabetes management.

Wang et al. report that clinical dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors show little effect on microbial DPP-4 produced by Bacteroides genus. Furthermore, oral administration of microbial DPP-4 to high-fat diet-fed mice was found to reduce plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels through an increase in extraluminal intestinal tissular DPP-4 activity, resulting in reduced glucose-induced insulin levels and exacerbated glucose tolerance.