Effects of chronic treatment with gold nanoparticles on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in Mdx mice.
Daniela Pacheco Dos Santos HaupenthalJonathann Corrêa PossatoRubya Pereira ZaccaronCarolini MendesMatheus Scarpatto RodriguesRenata Tiscoski NesiRicardo Aurino PinhoPaulo Emílio FeuserRicardo Andrez Machado-de-ÁvilaClarissa M ComimPaulo Cesar Lock SilveiraPublished in: Journal of drug targeting (2019)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive hereditary myopathy characterised by progressive muscle degeneration in male children. As a consequence of DMD, increased inflammation and oxidative stress occur in muscle tissue along with morphological changes. Several studies have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of gold nanoparticles (GNP) in muscle injury models. The objective of this study was to evaluate these effects along with the impacts of the disease on histopathological changes following chronic administration of GNP to Mdx mice. Two-month-old Mdx mice were separated into five groups of eight individuals each, as follows: wild-type (WT), Mdx-modified without treatment, Mdx + 2.5 mg/kg GNP, Mdx + 7.0 mg/kg GNP and Mdx + 21 mg/kg GNP. GNP with a mean diameter of 20 nm were injected subcutaneously at concentrations of 2.5, 7.0 and 21 mg/kg. Treatments continued for 30 d with injections administered at 48-h intervals. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the animals were killed and the central region of the gastrocnemius muscle was surgically removed. Chronic administration of GNP reduced inflammation in the gastrocnemius muscle of Mdx mice and reduced morphological alterations due to inflammatory responses to muscular dystrophy. In addition, GNP also demonstrated antioxidant potential by reducing the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, reducing oxidative damage and improving antioxidant activity.
Keyphrases
- duchenne muscular dystrophy
- muscular dystrophy
- oxidative stress
- wild type
- gold nanoparticles
- skeletal muscle
- anti inflammatory
- high fat diet induced
- multiple sclerosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- induced apoptosis
- diabetic rats
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- photodynamic therapy
- risk assessment
- drug induced
- signaling pathway
- autism spectrum disorder
- replacement therapy
- human health