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Pedunculopontine Nucleus Cholinergic Deficiency in Cervical Dystonia.

Karin MenteNancy A EdwardsDemelio UrbanoAbhik Ray-ChaudhuryDiego IaconoAna Tereza Di Lorenzo AlhoEduardo Joaquim Lopes AlhoEdson AmaroSilvina G HorovitzMark Hallett
Published in: Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society (2018)
Our findings suggest that pedunculopontine nucleus choline acetyltransferase deficiency represents a functional cholinergic deficit in cervical dystonia. Structural lesions and confounding neurodegenerative processes were excluded by absence of neuronal loss, gliosis, diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities, and beta-amyloid, tau, and alpha-synuclein pathologies. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Keyphrases
  • deep brain stimulation
  • early onset
  • replacement therapy
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • cerebral ischemia
  • blood brain barrier