[The role of magnesium and potassium in preventive and therapeutic nutrition].

Due to the versatility of its functions and participation in all types of metabolism, magnesium can be considered the main cation in the human organism. Equally important is the role of the main intracellular ion - potassium, which is a synergist of magnesium, especially with regard to the effect on cardiovascular system function. In Russia, there is insufficient consumption of magnesium and potassium by the population. The purpose of the work was to assess the role of magnesium and potassium in ensuring public health. Material and methods . Literature search was carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, RISC systems mainly over the past 10 years, with the exception of works of fundamental importance, according to the keywords "magnesium", "bioavailability", "potassium", "efficiency". Results . Chronic hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia are involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and sluggish inflammation). Magnesium deficiency increases the risk of cardiovascular (arrhythmia, hypertension, heart failure), neurological diseases (stroke) and depression, as well as diseases of the respiratory system (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Potassium deficiency is also associated with pathology of the cardiovascular system. Adequate intake of magnesium and potassium with food and/or dietary supplements prevents the development of chronic metabolic complications. Various magnesium compounds used to correct its deficiency, have different bioavailability. Conclusion . The expediency of compensating for magnesium and potassium deficiency in nutrition has been proven both for preventive purposes in a healthy person and as part of diet therapy in a patient. Enrichment of the diet with magnesium and potassium is a reliable non-drug, economical and safe prevention of chronic deficiency and associated metabolic disorders.