Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment.

Gonadal and chromosomal sex have independent effects on the hepatic transcriptome to influence different cellular pathways in a hypercholesterolemic environment. Furthermore, chromosomal sex in particular impacted the cellular response to statin treatment. An improved understanding of how gonadal and chromosomal sex influence cellular response to disease conditions and in response to drug treatment is critical to optimize disease management for all individuals.