Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO 2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials.

High-performance, fast-growing natural materials with sustainable and functional features currently arouse significant attention. Here, facile processing, involving delignification, in situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO 2 and pressure densification, is employed to transform natural bamboo into a high-performance structural material. The resulting TiO 2 -decorated densified bamboo exhibits high flexural strength and elastic stiffness, with both properties more than double that of natural bamboo. Real-time acoustic emission reveals the key role of the TiO 2 nanoparticles in enhancing the flexural properties. The introduction of nanoscale TiO 2 is found to markedly increase the degree of oxidation and the formation of hydrogen bonds in bamboo materials, leading to extensive interfacial failure between the microfibers, a micro-fibrillation process that results in substantial energy consumption and high fracture resistance. This work furthers the strategy of the synthetic reinforcement of fast-growing natural materials, which could lead to the expanded applications of sustainable materials for high-performance structural applications.