Antiprogrammed death ligand 1 therapy failed to reduce the risk of developing brain metastases in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis.

Antiprogrammed death ligand 1 therapy improved OS regardless of the presence of BMs. However, IO did not delay the median time to brain progression or reduce the risk of intracranial metastasis in patients without baseline BMs. The findings of this study have important clinical implications for the future management of BMs from ES-SCLC.