Fontan failure: phenotypes, evaluation, management, and future directions.

Ujjwal Kumar ChowdhuryNiwin GeorgeLakshmi Kumari SankhyanDoniparthi PradeepChaitanya ChittimuriAbhinavsingh ChauhanNiraj Nirmal PandeyShikha Goja

Published in: Cardiology in the young (2022)

An individualised management strategy according to clinical phenotypes may delay the organ damage in patients with a failing Fontan circulation. At present, cardiac transplantation remains the last stage of palliation with gradually improving outcomes.

Keyphrases

oxidative stress
left ventricular
heart failure
type diabetes
stem cells
current status
adipose tissue
metabolic syndrome
mesenchymal stem cells
insulin resistance
bone marrow