Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Guihua ZhangWeiqi ChenHaoyu ChenJianwei LinLing-Ping CenPeiwen XieYi ZhengTsz Kin NgMårten Erik BrelénMingzhi ZhangChi Pui Pang

Published in: Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2024)

Similar risk factors for DR, DME, and STDR were found in this study. Our data also indicates high serum sodium, high serum potassium, low blood hemoglobin, and level of family income as novel associated factors for DR, DME, and STDR, which can help with DR monitoring and management.

Keyphrases

diabetic retinopathy
editorial comment
optical coherence tomography
physical activity
mental health
big data
machine learning
red blood cell