Tet Enzyme-Mediated Response in Environmental Stress and Stress-Related Psychiatric Diseases.
Meiling XiaRui YanMyoung-Hwan KimXingshun XuPublished in: Molecular neurobiology (2022)
Mental disorders caused by stress have become a worldwide public health problem. These mental disorders are often the results of a combination of genes and environment, in which epigenetic modifications play a crucial role. At present, the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression caused by environmental stress are not entirely clear. Although many epigenetic modifications affect gene regulation, the most well-known modification in eukaryotic cells is the DNA methylation of CpG islands. Stress causes changes in DNA methylation in the brain to participate in the neuronal function or mood-modulating behaviors, and these epigenetic modifications can be passed on to offspring. Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes are the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases of DNA, which recognize 5mC on the DNA sequence and oxidize it to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Tet regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level through the demethylation of DNA. This review will elaborate on the molecular mechanism and the functions of Tet enzymes in environmental stress-related disorders and discuss future research directions.
Keyphrases
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- genome wide
- public health
- stress induced
- single molecule
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- copy number
- bipolar disorder
- depressive symptoms
- signaling pathway
- physical activity
- type diabetes
- induced apoptosis
- insulin resistance
- oxidative stress
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- functional connectivity
- high fat diet
- multiple sclerosis
- climate change
- cerebral ischemia
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- sleep quality
- cell cycle arrest