While tDCS is approved for treatment of fibromyalgia in Canada and the European Union, no NIBS method is currently approved for chronic pain in the United States. Increasing sample sizes in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) seems the most efficient way to increase confidence in initial promising results. Trends at funding agencies reveal increased interest and support for NIBS such as recent Requests for Application from the National Institutes of Health. NIBS in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy and physical therapy may enhance outcomes in chronic pain. Novel stimulation methods, such as transcranial ultrasound stimulation, await rigorous study in chronic pain.
Keyphrases
- chronic pain
- pain management
- public health
- healthcare
- mental health
- magnetic resonance imaging
- gene expression
- drug administration
- transcranial direct current stimulation
- skeletal muscle
- computed tomography
- resting state
- blood brain barrier
- type diabetes
- risk assessment
- dna methylation
- social media
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- replacement therapy
- working memory
- functional connectivity
- insulin resistance