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Nuclear expansion and pore opening are instant signs of neuronal hypoxia and can identify poorly fixed brains.

Anisa DehghaniHulya KaratasAlp CanEsra ErdemliMuge YemisciEmine Eren-KocakTurgay Dalkara
Published in: Scientific reports (2018)
The initial phase of neuronal death is not well characterized. Here, we show that expansion of the nuclear membrane without losing its integrity along with peripheralization of chromatin are immediate signs of neuronal injury. Importantly, these changes can be identified with commonly used nuclear stains and used as markers of poor perfusion-fixation. Although frozen sections are widely used, no markers are available to ensure that the observed changes were not confounded by perfusion-induced hypoxia/ischemia. Moreover, HMGB1 was immediately released and p53 translocated to mitochondria in hypoxic/ischemic neurons, whereas nuclear pore complex inhibitors prevented the nuclear changes, identifying novel neuroprotection targets.
Keyphrases
  • cerebral ischemia
  • endothelial cells
  • gene expression
  • spinal cord
  • dna damage
  • minimally invasive
  • oxidative stress
  • cell death
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • brain injury
  • spinal cord injury
  • genome wide