Wireless Optogenetic Modulation of Cortical Neurons Enabled by Radioluminescent Nanoparticles.
Zhaowei ChenVassiliy TsytsarevY Zou FinfrockOlga A AntipovaZhonghou CaiHiroyuki ArakawaFritz W LischkaBryan M HooksRosemarie WiltonDongyi WangYi LiuBrandon GaitanYang TaoYu ChenReha S ErzurumluHuang-Hao YangElena A RozhkovaPublished in: ACS nano (2021)
While offering high-precision control of neural circuits, optogenetics is hampered by the necessity to implant fiber-optic waveguides in order to deliver photons to genetically engineered light-gated neurons in the brain. Unlike laser light, X-rays freely pass biological barriers. Here we show that radioluminescent Gd2(WO4)3:Eu nanoparticles, which absorb external X-rays energy and then downconvert it into optical photons with wavelengths of ∼610 nm, can be used for the transcranial stimulation of cortical neurons expressing red-shifted, ∼590-630 nm, channelrhodopsin ReaChR, thereby promoting optogenetic neural control to the practical implementation of minimally invasive wireless deep brain stimulation.
Keyphrases
- deep brain stimulation
- spinal cord
- minimally invasive
- parkinson disease
- photodynamic therapy
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- primary care
- healthcare
- high resolution
- white matter
- soft tissue
- optical coherence tomography
- spinal cord injury
- low cost
- multiple sclerosis
- brain injury
- mass spectrometry
- robot assisted
- optic nerve
- blood brain barrier
- functional connectivity
- wild type