Environmental impact of low-dose methoxyflurane versus nitrous oxide for analgesia: how green is the 'green whistle'?

This LCIA has shown that the overall 'cradle-to-grave' environmental impact of Penthrox device is better than nitrous oxide when looking specifically at climate change impact. The climate change impact for an equivalent dose of intravenous morphine was even lower. Switching to the use of inhaled methoxyflurane instead of using nitrous oxide in certain clinical situations could help the NHS to reach its carbon emission reduction target.