Additional outlet occlusion as an important factor in avoiding retreatment after transvenous embolization for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas.

TVE is an effective treatment for CSDAVF. Outlet occlusion, when immediate complete occlusion is unattainable, is important to reduce retreatment and promote spontaneous occlusion. Substantially reducing shunt flow, carefully assessing dangerous drainage routes, and closely monitoring the residual shunt are crucial for preventing intracranial hemorrhage when outlet occlusion is performed.