The distribution characteristics and risk levels of PAHs in surface sediment in the Honghai Bay of China are studied in this paper. The results showed that the concentration of total PAHs in this area ranged from 100.65 ng·g -1 to 241.31 ng·g -1 , with an average concentration of 158.83 ng·g -1 . The tricyclic PAHs were the main components in the detected PAHs. PAH pollution levels in this region were low and moderate as compared with adjacent areas. Traceability results showed that the sediment PAHs mainly originate from coal and biomass combustion. PAHs concentrations at some stations were above the Environmental Quality Reference Level. The PAHs toxicity and ecological risk level in surface sediments in the area was determined to be low to moderate by toxicity equivalence testing and risk entropy value assessment.