Silicon nanowire FET biosensor and its application in acute myocardial infarction.

Over the last two decades, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors(SiNW-FETs)with prominent merits of high surface-to-volumeratio, excellent biocompatibility and mature fabrication with standard silicon technology, have been widelystudiedas ultrahigh sensitive biosensors for the detection of targetbiomolecules,such as proteins,nucleic acids,cells and viruses so on.Herein we present a comprehensive review ofthe fundamental aspects of SiNW-FET biosensors, involving the working principle and the device fabrication, surface functionalization, and system integration withfluid exchange and electrical detection. Futhermore, we emphatically discuss theelectrical detection of cardiac-specific biomarkers related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) disease. SiNW-FETbiosensorsare being increasingly exploited as promising diagnostic devices, which provide high sensitivity, high integration density, high speed sampling, strong specificity, and real-time and label-freedetectionfor simple and cheap clinical testing.