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Chylothorax and chylous ascites due to juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report.

Ana Paula Freitas Bahia Dos SantosTomás Varella Costa RussoBeatriz PascuotteLuis Felipe Silva ViscondeAdryelle Carolynne Nogueira LuetzAndrey Biff SarrisMatheus Dias Girão RochaFernanda Guioti PugaGilberto Gambero GasparValdes Roberto BollelaRoberto Martinez
Published in: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (2023)
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides species. Chylothorax is a rare complication of PCM. A 16-year-old adolescent presented daily fever, lymphadenomegaly, sweating, weight loss, ventilatory-dependent pain, and dysphagia, which confirmed PCM. During treatment, the patient developed chylothorax and chylous ascites. Chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lymphadenopathy may obstruct lymphatic vessels, resulting in the extravasation of lymph into the abdomen or pleural cavities. Chylothorax is one of several complications of PCM and can lead to respiratory insufficiency, even in patients undergoing antifungal therapy.
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