Age-specific resurgence in invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the COVID-19 pandemic era and its association with respiratory virus and pneumococcal carriage dynamics: a time series analysis.

Using multiple national surveillance systems, we found an increase in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in the early post-COVID-19 pandemic period that strongly varied by age. Age-groups with higher incidence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza also experienced higher increase in IPD incidence, with no change in pneumococcal carriage.