Cardiovascular Benefits from Gliflozins: Effects on Endothelial Function.
Teresa SalvatoreAlfredo CaturanoRaffaele GalieroAnna Di MartinoGaetana AlbaneseErica VetranoCelestino SarduRaffaele MarfellaLuca RinaldiFerdinando Carlo SassoPublished in: Biomedicines (2021)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a known independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and solid epidemiological evidence points to heart failure (HF) as one of the most common complications of diabetes. For this reason, it is imperative to consider the prevention of CV outcomes as an effective goal for the management of diabetic patients, as important as lowering blood glucose. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early event of atherosclerosis involving adhesion molecules, chemokines, and leucocytes to enhance low-density lipoprotein oxidation, platelet activation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This abnormal vascular phenotype represents an important risk factor for the genesis of any complication of diabetes, contributing to the pathogenesis of not only macrovascular disease but also microvascular damage. Gliflozins are a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that selectively inhibit the sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and have provoked large interest in scientific community due to their cardiovascular beneficial effects, whose underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. This review aimed to analyze the cardiovascular protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition in patients T2DM and their impact on endothelial function.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- blood glucose
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- smooth muscle
- heart failure
- low density lipoprotein
- weight loss
- end stage renal disease
- insulin resistance
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- emergency department
- single cell
- healthcare
- risk factors
- prognostic factors
- cardiovascular risk factors
- blood pressure
- acute heart failure
- left ventricular
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- metabolic syndrome
- atrial fibrillation
- hydrogen peroxide
- stem cells
- escherichia coli
- cell therapy
- combination therapy
- nitric oxide