Fluid manipulation via multifunctional lubricant infused slippery surfaces: principle, design and applications.

Water-repellent interfaces with high performance have emerged as an indispensable platform for developing advanced materials and devices. Inspired by the pitcher plant, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) with reliable hydrophobicity have proven to possess great potential for various applications in droplet and bubble manipulation, droplet energy harvesting, condensation, fog collection, anti-icing, and anti-biofouling due to their excellent properties such as persistent surface hydrophobicity, molecular smoothness, and fluidity. This review aims to introduce the development history of interaction between SLIPSs and fluids as well as the design principles, preparation methods, and various applications of some of the more typical SLIPSs. The fluid manipulation strategies of the slippery surfaces have been proposed including the wettability pattern, oriented micro-structure, and geometric gradient. At last, the application prospects of SLIPSs in various fields and the challenges in the design and fabrication of slippery surfaces are analyzed. We envision that this review can provide an overview of the fluid manipulating processes on slippery surfaces for researchers in both academic and industrial fields.