Determinants of cognitive performance and decline in 20 diverse ethno-regional groups: A COSMIC collaboration cohort study.
Darren M LipnickiSteve R MakkarJohn D CrawfordAnbupalam ThalamuthuNicole A KochanMaria Fernanda Lima-CostaErico Castro-CostaCleusa Pinheiro FerriCarol BrayneBlossom C M StephanJuan J Llibre-RodriguezJorge Jesus Llibre-GuerraAdolfo J Valhuerdi-CeperoRichard B LiptonMindy J KatzCarol A DerbyKaren RitchieMarie-Laure AncelinIsabelle CarrièreNikolaos ScarmeasMary YannakouliaGeorgios M HadjigeorgiouLinda LamWai-Chi ChanAda Wai-Tung FungAntonio GuaitaRoberta VaccaroAnnalisa DavinYou Joung KimJi Won HanSeung Wan SuhSteffi G Riedel-HellerSusanne RöhrAlexander PabstMartin P J van BoxtelSebastiaan KöhlerKay DeckersMary GanguliErin P JacobsenTiffany F HughesKaarin Jane AnsteyNicolas CherbuinMary N HaanAllison E AielloKristina DangShuzo KumagaiTao ChenKenji NarazakiTze-Pin NgQi GaoMa Shwe Zin NyuntMárcia ScazufcaHenry BrodatyKatya T NumbersJulian N TrollorKenichi MeguroSatoshi YamaguchiHiroshi IshiiAntonio LoboRaul Lopez-AntonJavier SantabárbaraYvonne LeungJessica W LoGordana C PopovicPerminder Singh Sachdevnull nullPublished in: PLoS medicine (2019)
These results suggest that education, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, and stroke are all modifiable factors associated with cognitive decline. If these factors are determined to be causal, controlling them could minimize worldwide levels of cognitive decline. However, any global prevention strategy may need to consider ethno-regional differences.