Gastric Carcinogenesis and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms: Helicobacter pylori and Novel Targeted Therapy.
Toshihiro NishizawaHidekazu SuzukiPublished in: BioMed research international (2015)
The oxygen-derived free radicals that are released from activated neutrophils are one of the cytotoxic factors of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury. Increased cytidine deaminase activity in H. pylori-infected gastric tissues promotes the accumulation of various mutations and might promote gastric carcinogenesis. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion system, and it causes inflammation and activation of oncogenic pathways. H. pylori infection induces epigenetic transformations, such as aberrant promoter methylation in tumor-suppressor genes. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is also reportedly linked to gastric tumorogenesis. Moreover, recent advances in molecular targeting therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) therapies. This updated review article highlights possible mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis including H. pylori-associated factors.
Keyphrases
- helicobacter pylori
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- helicobacter pylori infection
- dna methylation
- genome wide
- gene expression
- endothelial cells
- transcription factor
- tyrosine kinase
- squamous cell carcinoma
- advanced non small cell lung cancer
- cancer therapy
- high glucose
- genome wide identification
- single molecule
- anti inflammatory