Exogenous glutamine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Maryam NasriGlavizh AdibhesamiSina MahdavifardEsmaeel BabaeenezhadHassan AhmadvandPublished in: Archives of physiology and biochemistry (2020)
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on diabetic nephropathy and other complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced diabetic rats were enrolled as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animals were divided into control, diabetic, and Gln (1000 mg/l in drinking water, eight weeks) treated diabetic groups. Gln alleviated renal inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione), decreased serum uric acid and creatinine, and restored renal histopathological changes (glomerular volume, sclerosis, and leukocyte infiltration). Additionally, Gln ameliorated other complications, including systemic oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, serum and liver glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total superoxide dismutase, and liver catalase), insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Collectively, Gln attenuates diabetic nephropathy and other complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Keyphrases
- diabetic nephropathy
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- uric acid
- drinking water
- hydrogen peroxide
- nitric oxide
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- dna damage
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- type diabetes
- induced apoptosis
- risk factors
- adipose tissue
- health risk assessment
- skeletal muscle
- high fat diet
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- heat stress
- nitric oxide synthase
- peripheral blood