Detection and Real-Time Surgical Assessment of Colorectal Liver Metastases Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging during Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Resections.

ICG fluorescence imaging can be integrated with other conventional intraoperative imaging techniques to optimize intraoperative staging. Rim fluorescence proved to be a valid indicator of the resection margins: by removing the entire fluorescent area, a tumor-negative resection (R0) is achieved.