Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Gold Nanoparticles as Bimodal Contrast Agents in MRI and CT-An Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

The use of multimodal contrast agents can potentially overcome the intrinsic limitations of individual imaging methods. We have validated synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles (SAF-NPs) as bimodal contrast agents for in vitro cell labeling and in vivo cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). SAF-NP-labeled cells showed high contrast in MRI phantom studies (r2* = 712 s-1 mM-1), while pelleted cells showed clear contrast enhancement in CT. After intravenous SAF-NP injection, nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and spleen, as visualized in vivo by significant MRI contrast enhancement. Intravenous injection of SAF-NP-labeled cells resulted in cell accumulation in the lungs, which was clearly detectable by using CT but not by using MRI. SAF-NPs proved to be very efficient cell labeling agents for complementary MRI- and CT-based cell tracking. Bimodal monitoring of SAF-NP labeled cells is in particular of interest for applications where the applied imaging methods are not able to visualize the particles and/or cells in all organs.