Carbon Dioxide Adsorption over Activated Biocarbons Derived from Lemon Peel.

The rising concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is approaching critical levels, posing a significant threat to life on Earth. Porous carbons derived from biobased materials, particularly waste byproducts, offer a viable solution for selective CO 2 adsorption from large-scale industrial sources, potentially mitigating atmospheric CO 2 emissions. In this study, we developed highly porous carbons from lemon peel waste through a two-step process, consisting of temperature pretreatment (500 °C) followed by chemical activation by KOH at 850 °C. The largest specific surface area (2821 m 2 /g), total pore volume (1.39 cm 3 /g), and micropore volume (0.70 cm 3 /g) were obtained at the highest KOH-to-carbon ratio of 4. In contrast, the sample activated with a KOH-to-carbon ratio of 2 demonstrated the greatest micropore distribution. This activated biocarbon exhibited superior CO 2 adsorption capacity, reaching 5.69 mmol/g at 0 °C and 100 kPa. The remarkable adsorption performance can be attributed to the significant volume of micropores with diameters smaller than 0.859 nm. The Radke-Prausnitz equation, traditionally employed to model the adsorption equilibrium of organic compounds from liquid solutions, has been shown to be equally applicable for describing the gas-solid adsorption equilibrium. Furthermore, equations describing the temperature dependence of the Radke-Prausnitz equation's parameters have been developed.