Discriminating Different Bladder and Bladder Outlet Dysfunctions by Urinary Biomarkers in Women with Frequency-Urgency Syndrome.

The urinary levels of inflammatory, neurogenic, and oxidative stress biomarkers varied widely among the patients with bladder and bladder outlet dysfunction. This study's results provide evidence that women with frequency-urgency syndrome and different urodynamic subtypes have varying bladder inflammation and oxidative stress conditions, which might have an impact on treatment outcomes.