Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study.
Arash EtemadiHossein PoustchiJoanne T ChangBenjamin C BlountAntonia M CalafatLanqing WangVictor R De JesusAkram PourshamsRamin ShakeriMeredith S ShielsMaki Inoue-ChoiBridget K AmbroseCarol H ChristensenBaoguang WangGwen MurphyXiaoyun YeDeepak BhandariJun FengBaoyun XiaConnie S SosnoffFarin KamangarPaul BrennanPaolo BoffettaSanford M DawseyChristian C AbnetReza MalekzadehNeal D FreedmanPublished in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (2019)
Most of these biomarkers would be useful for exposure assessment in a longitudinal study.