Advances in molecular and imaging biomarkers in lower-grade gliomas.

The integration of molecular markers enhanced the stratification of LGGs, leading to the new concept of integrated histomolecular classification. While the IDH mutation is an established key prognostic and predictive marker, recent results from IDH inhibitors trials showed its potential value as a theranostic marker. In this setting, advanced MRI techniques such as 2-D-hydroxyglutarate spectroscopy are very promising for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of LGGs. This progress offers exciting prospects for personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes in LGGs.