Predictors of long-term opioid dependence in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a focus on pre-operative opioid usage.
Aaron HockleyDavid GeDennis Vasquez-MontesMohamed A MoawadPeter Gust PassiasThomas J ErricoAaron J BucklandThemistocles S ProtopsaltisCharla R FischerPublished in: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2020)
Pre-operative opioid usage is associated with higher total inpatient opioid use and a significantly higher risk of long-term opiate usage at 6 months. Approximately 40% of pre-operative narcotic users will continue to consume narcotics at 6-month follow-up, compared with 5% of narcotic-naïve patients. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.