Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Cyano-Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks from Water, Air and Sunlight.

The insufficient exciton (e - -h + pair) separation/transfer and sluggish two-electron water oxidation are two main factors limiting the H 2 O 2 photosynthetic efficiency of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) photocatalysts. Herein, we present an alternative strategy to simultaneously facilitate exciton separation/transfer and reduce the energy barrier of two-electron water oxidation in COFs via a dicyano functionalization. The in situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that the dicyano functionalization improves the amount of charge transfer channels between donor and acceptor units from two in COF-0CN without cyano functionalization to three in COF-1CN with mono-cyano functionalization and four in COF-2CN with dicyano functionalization, leading to the highest separation/transfer efficiency in COF-2CN. More importantly, the dicyano group activates the neighbouring C atom to produce the key *OH intermediate for effectively reducing the energy barrier of rate-determining two-electron water oxidation in H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. The simultaneously enhanced exciton separation/transfer and two-electron water oxidation in COF-2CN result in high H 2 O 2 yield (1601 μmol g -1  h -1 ) from water and oxygen without using sacrificial reagent under visible-light irradiation. COF-2CN can effectively yield H 2 O 2 in water with wide pH range, in different real water samples, in scaled-up reactor under natural sunlight irradiation, and in continuous-flow reactor for consecutively producing H 2 O 2 solution for water decontamination.