Biofabricated silver nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens have created a global threat to human health and the environment. Targeting the quorum sensing (QS) linked virulent traits of bacteria is considered to be a novel approach for addressing the problem of AMR. In this study, green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-MK) were evaluated for the inhibition of the formation of biofilms and quorum sensing controlled virulence factors against three Gram negative bacteria. Remarkable inhibition (>80%) of QS-mediated violacein production was recorded in C. violaceum 12472. Up to 90% inhibition of the QS-mediated virulent traits of S. marcescens MTCC 97 was observed. The virulence factors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 also decreased in a dose dependent manner in the presence of AgNPs-MK. Moreover, the development of biofilms of C. violaceum 12472, S. marcescens MTCC 97, and P. aeruginosa PAO1 was reduced by 87.39, 81.54, and 71.34%, respectively. Biofilms on glass surfaces were remarkably reduced, with less aggregation of bacterial cells and the reduced formation of extra polymeric substances. The findings clearly show the efficacy of AgNPs-MK against the development of biofilms and the QS mediated virulent traits of Gram negative bacterial pathogens. AgNPs-MK may be further exploited for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents after careful scrutiny in animal models for the management of bacterial infections, especially for topical applications.