Increased experimental conditions and marker densities identified more genetic loci associated with southern and northern leaf blight resistance in maize.

Southern leaf blight (SLB) and northern leaf blight (NLB) are the two major foliar diseases limiting maize production worldwide. Upon previous study with the nested association mapping (NAM) population, which consist of 5,000 recombinant inbred lines from 25 parents crossed with B73, we expanded the phenotyping environments from the United States (US) to China, and increased the marker densities from 1106 to 7386 SNPs for linkage mapping, and from 1.6 to 28.5 million markers for association mapping. We identified 49 SLB and 48 NLB resistance-related unique QTLs in linkage mapping, and multiple loci in association mapping with candidate genes involved in known plant disease-resistance pathways. Furthermore, an independent natural population with 282 diversified inbred lines were sequenced for four candidate genes selected based on their biological functions. Three of them demonstrated significant associations with disease resistance. These findings provided valuable resources for further implementations to develop varieties with superior resistance for NLB and SLB.