Vertigo/dizziness or balance disorders are among the most common patients complaints in emergency clinics. Up to 25% of them are potentially life-threatening, especially cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. The combination of a careful history taking (triggers, duration of difficulties, associated symptoms) and the performance of a basic vestibular examination (nystagmus, oculomotor, head impulse test, positional maneuvers, standing and walking examination) leads to a reliable differentiation of central and peripheral vestibular etiology. Standardized diagnostic algorithms (HINTS, HINTS+, STANDING) are used to identify high-risk patients requiring urgent care. Imaging methods must be interpreted with caution to their low sensitivity in acute phase (sensitivity of non-contrast brain CT for ischemia in the posterior cranial fossa is only 16%, MRI of the brain is false negative in up to 20% of cases in stroke patients in the first 48 hours).
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- emergency department
- high resolution
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- machine learning
- magnetic resonance imaging
- white matter
- liver failure
- intensive care unit
- resting state
- palliative care
- depressive symptoms
- pain management
- chronic pain
- quality improvement
- physical activity
- drug induced
- hepatitis b virus
- photodynamic therapy
- fluorescence imaging
- functional connectivity
- respiratory failure
- dual energy
- diffusion weighted imaging