Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Radical (H⋅) with GSH for Photodynamic Therapy.
Jinlei PengKe DuJian SunXianli YangXia WangXiaoran ZhangGang SongFu-De FengPublished in: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2023)
As a reactive hydrogen species, the hydrogen radical (H⋅) scarcely sees applications in tumor biological therapy due to the very limited bio-friendly sources of H⋅. In this work, we report that TAF can act as an organic photosensitizer as well as an efficient photocatalytic H⋅ generator with reduced glutathione (GSH) as a fuel. The photoactivation of TAF leads to cell death in two ways including triple amplification of oxidative stress via ferroptosis-apoptosis under normoxia and apoptosis through biological reductions under hypoxia. TAF presents excellent biosafety with ultrahigh photocytotoxicity index at an order of magnitude of 10 2 -10 3 on both normoxic and hypoxic cells. The in vitro data suggest that H⋅ therapy is promising to overcome the challenge of tumor hypoxia at low doses of both photocatalyst and light. In addition, the capability of near-infrared two-photon excitation would benefit broad biological applications.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest
- pi k akt
- visible light
- cell death
- induced apoptosis
- photodynamic therapy
- oxidative stress
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- highly efficient
- endothelial cells
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- reduced graphene oxide
- drinking water
- dna damage
- electronic health record
- low cost
- cell therapy
- data analysis