Spotlight on 4-substituted quinolines as potential anti-infective agents: Journey beyond chloroquine.
Ankush GoyalHarsha KharkwalMona PiplaniYogendra SinghSankaranarayanan MurugesanAmit AggarwalPiyush KumarSubhash ChanderPublished in: Archiv der Pharmazie (2022)
Continued emerging resistance of pathogens against the clinically approved candidates and their associated limitations continuously demand newer agents having better potency with a more suited safety profile. Quinoline nuclei containing scaffolds of natural and synthetic origin have been documented for diverse types of pharmacological activities, and a number of drugs are clinically approved. In the present review, we unprecedentedly covered the biological potential of 4-substituted quinoline and elaborated a rationale for its special privilege to afford the significant number of approved clinical drugs, particularly against infectious pathogens. Compounds with 4-substituted quinoline are well documented for antimalarial activity, but in the last two decades, they have been extensively explored for activity against cancer, tuberculosis, and several other pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other infectious pathogens. In the present study, the anti-infective spectrum of this scaffold is discussed against viruses, mycobacteria, malarial parasites, and fungal and bacterial strains, along with recent updates in this area, with special emphasis on the structure-activity relationship.
Keyphrases
- molecular docking
- gram negative
- plasmodium falciparum
- multidrug resistant
- antimicrobial resistance
- structure activity relationship
- molecular dynamics simulations
- drug administration
- escherichia coli
- tissue engineering
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- human health
- clinical trial
- risk assessment
- emergency department
- hiv aids
- climate change
- electronic health record