Stimulated PBMC-produced IFN-γ and TNF-α are associated with altered relapse risk in multiple sclerosis: results from a prospective cohort study.
Steve Simpson YapNiall StewartIngrid van der MeiPetr OtahalJac CharlesworthAnne-Louise PonsonbyLeigh BlizzardTerence DwyerFotini PittasPeter GiesBruce TaylorPublished in: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry (2014)
We found strong effects of IFN-γ and TNF-α on relapse risk, these differing by immunomodulatory therapy, season, and serum vitamin D, as well as by genotype. These results indicate altered reactivity of immune cells modulate MS disease.