An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities.
Mohaddeseh Sadat AlaviSahar FanoudiMahboobeh Ghasemzadeh RahbardarSoghra MehriMahboobeh Ghasemzadeh RahbardarPublished in: Phytotherapy research : PTR (2020)
Natural and chemical toxic agents cause severe adverse effects on people's health in a variety of exposing ways. Herbal medications have taken into consideration as alternative safe treatments for toxicities. Rosmarinus officinalis also known as rosemary belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary and its constituents including carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol have a lot of benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective activities. In this literate review, we focused on the protective effects of rosemary and its main compounds against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The protective effects of rosemary and its components are mostly mediated through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- nuclear factor
- anti inflammatory
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- toll like receptor
- diabetic rats
- dna damage
- pi k akt
- rheumatoid arthritis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- mental health
- cell cycle arrest
- essential oil
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- emergency department
- health information
- cell death
- blood brain barrier
- cerebral ischemia
- immune response
- inflammatory response
- case control
- heat shock
- health promotion
- electronic health record
- cell proliferation
- adverse drug