Automatic annotation of surgical activities using virtual reality environments.
Arnaud HuaulméFabien DespinoySaul Alexis Heredia PerezKanako HaradaMamoru MitsuishiPierre JanninPublished in: International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery (2019)
In average, manual annotations took more than 12 min for 1 min of video to achieve low-level physical activity annotation, whereas automatic annotation is achieved in less than a second for the same video period. We also demonstrated that manual annotation introduced mistakes as well as intra- and inter-observer variability that our method is able to suppress due to the high precision and reproducibility.