Optimization of shockwave lithotripsy use for single medium sized hard renal stone with stone density ≥ 1000 HU. A prospective study.

In hard renal stones, treatment overall success was found in 58.6% where complete stone clearance was found in 43.9%. Stone outer shell fragility, lower stone size, increased RKT and initial response to SWL were associated with a higher success rate at 12-week follow-up.